Description
Product Characteristics:
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic, gaseous free radical that carries a variety of messages between cells. Vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and cytotoxicity can all be potentiated through cellular response to NO. NO production is mediated by members of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family. NOS catalyzes the oxidization of L-arginine to produce L-citrulline and NO. Two constitutive isoforms, brain or neuronal NOS (b or nNOS, type I) & endothelial cell NOS (eNOS, type III), and one inducible isoform (iNOS, type II), have been cloned. All NOS isoforms contain calmodulin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding domains. Nitric oxide synthase is expressed in liver, macrophages, hepatocytes, synoviocytes, stimulated glial cells and smooth muscle cells. Cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 and -2, and lipopolysaccarides (LPS) cause an increase in iNOS mRNA, protein, and activity levels. Protein kinase C-stimulating agents exhibit the same effect on iNOS activity. After cytokine induction, iNOS exhibits a delayed activity response which is then followed by a significant increase in NO production over a long period of time. Human iNOS is regulated by calcium/calmodulin (in contrast with mouse NOS2).
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Synonyms: i NOS, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Inducible, HEP NOS, Hepatocyte NOS, HEPNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Inducible NO synthase, Inducible NOS, INOS, Inosl, MAC NOS, Macrophage NOS, Nitric oxide synthase 2 inducible macrophage, Nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible hepatocytes), Nitric oxide synthase inducible, NOS 2, NOS 2A, NOS, Nos II, NOS type II, Nos2, NOS2A, NOS2_HUMAN.,
Target Information: Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. This gene encodes a nitric oxide synthase which is expressed in liver and is inducible by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and certain cytokines. Three related pseudogenes are located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]